Book Excerpt<\/p>\n
Book Name: “The First Partition of India – Treaty of Sugauli 1816”<\/p>\n
Author: Tejkar Jha<\/p>\n
“Conclusion” (with Maithili, Hindi and Nepali Translation)<\/p>\n
– Translation Work: Pravin Narayan Choudhary<\/p>\n
Conclusion<\/p>\n
The British East India Company emerged as the strongest contender for the power vacuum created by the weakening Mughal Empire, which had previously controlled the Gangetic plains, the most fertile region in India. The Company arrived in India around 1608, and by 1750, it had established a network of trading centres, factories, and procurement hubs, all equipped with security arrangements. It also began engaging in the banking sector, which led to its active involvement in politics and intrigues aimed at financial gain. Initially, the Company sought only to gain the upper hand in trade and commerce through these mechanisms but soon developed an interest in zamindari and political control.<\/p>\n
This interest in weakening adversaries and controlling ammunition led the Company to target the production and trade of saltpetre, prompting the Nawab of Bengal to grant them exclusive rights over the region producing the best and largest quantity of saltpeter-namely, Bihar-by as early as 1758. Through this shrewd move, the Company ensured that saltpetre-related issues would not become a concern for Indian politics, keeping them under its control.<\/p>\n
Between 1608 and 1758, the British East India Company firmly entrenched itself in the cities of Calcutta, Patna, Benaras, Madras, Surat, and Bombay, raising sufficiently trained troops not only for its own defence but also to assist warring local chiefs in advancing their own interests. The Company cultivated strong contacts with traditional regional power centres as well as large zamindaris, and it thoroughly studied the key figures in important political and economic positions. The traditional bankers, known as the Jagat Seths, were also enticed by the vast economic machine the Company had become.<\/p>\n
the Diwani of Bengal in 1764, it had already begun Even before the British East India Company secured manipulating zamindari affairs in Bengal and Bihar However, these manipulations were indirect, carried out through intrigues with regional fauzdars and revenue officials of Bengal. The earlier accounts concerning Awadh and its zamindars in Benaras and Gorakhpur clearly describe the Company’s involvement in these accession issues.<\/p>\n
As soon as the British East India Company gained control of the Diwani of Bengal, it framed both overt and covert policies to be followed regarding zamindars. The Company conducted surveys on various economic aspects and took control of regions with high yields of materials in which they were interested, such as food grains, cotton, indigo, saltpetre, sugarcane, etc., leaving the relatively unproductive land with the controlling chiefs. Hence, we find both zamindars and ruling chiefs in the same parts of India.<\/p>\n
Take the case of the Bengal Presidency: Bengal, Bihar, and eastern Uttar Pradesh did not have ruling chiefs, whereas the Jungle Terrain, parts of Orissa, and the Central Provinces did. The zamindars functioned merely as revenue-collecting agents, whereas the ruling chiefs retained complete control over administration, judiciary, and the economy. The ruling chiefs were required to pay a certain amount as tribute and maintain a fixed number of troops for the Company Government, while defence and foreign relations remained in the hands of the Company.<\/p>\n
2<\/p>\n
Saltpetre and consistent revenue from zamindaries were the two foremost Government, as concerns of the Company these enabled them to continue commercial activities without hindrance and remit substantial profits to shareholders in Europe. After securing the saltpetre rights in 1758, the Company gained the Diwani of Bengal in 1764. The first few years thereafter were devoted to assessing the revenue potential. To maximise returns, the Company began taking over zamindaries and leasing them out for one year, two years, or ten years to individuals who promised higher payments than the existing zamindars. Large zamindaries were divided into several smaller ones. Smaller petty zamindars, under the sadar zamindars, such as those in Tirhut, were recognised as independent zamindars and submitted revenues directly to the government district treasuries.<\/p>\n
In Bihar, the land north of the Ganges up to the present border with Nepal was known for producing the best quality saltpetre. As discussed earlier, the Company established three refining centres in Tirhut and three warehouses, referred to as factories, in Patna, Hajipur, and Fatwa. The Company sought trade ties with Nepal while simultaneously aiming to keep Nepal in a state that restricted its aggressive intentions by denying it easy access to saltpetre and gunpowder. A peaceful Nepal with an open market was in the interest of the Company Government, as it would also help keep the zamindars of northern Bihar in check.<\/p>\n
Earlier in the eighteenth century, the Gorkha King, Prithvi Narayan Shah, had been facilitated in Benaras with training and the supply of weapons and ammunition to support his ambition of uniting Nepal. However, after covertly assisting him in achieving this unification, the Company Government later felt threatened by Prithvi Narayan’s expansionist designs, particularly on its western front and in the Terai region. Following his death, the Company entered into a Treaty with Nepal for trade and commerce in 1792. Nepal, for its part, sought the Company’s support to evade Tibetan forces and secure access to Kathmandu.<\/p>\n
Having established a foothold in Kathmandu, the Company gained insight into the various power players in Nepal and their characteristics, which allowed it to engage in political intrigues. By 1801, Nepal realised the Company’s intentions and took measures to make the Commercial Treaty unworkable, using it as a pretext to expel the Company’s representative from Kathmandu. The situation deteriorated during the reign of King Rana Bahadur, with skirmishes erupting along the entire border.<\/p>\n
The Company forces, led by Ochterlony, secured the western border and expelled the Gorkhas. In response, the Gorkhas began exerting pressure on the Terai region by attacking and occupying villages in Makwanpur and other areas. Over a dozen battles occurred between the zamindars of the Tirhut region and the Gorkhas. As previously discussed, the Sadar Zamindari of Tirhut, under the Khandawalas, successfully kept the Makwanpur and Morang chiefs in check, subjugating them and compelling them to pay tributes.<\/p>\n
As discussed earlier, the area of Turrainey country, comprising Tahter and Muckwanpur, divided into twenty-three mahals, had been part of the Sarkar Tirhut since ancient times. The Raja of Muckwanpur paid tributes to Darbhanga until 1773, when the Company Government detached it from Sarkar Tirhut and directed that its tributes and revenue be paid directly to Patna. This arrangement continued until the Treaty of 1801 between Nepal and the Company Government. Article 7 of this treaty specifically outlined the Company Government’s resolve to relinquish its rights to any revenue or tribute from Muckwanpur. This delinking of the 23 mahals of Turrainey from Sarkar Tirhut was a deliberate move to weaken the Sadar Zamindar of Tirhut economically and politically.<\/p>\n
It is worth noting that the first map of the Bengal Presidency was created by Renell in 1776. The territory north of the Bengal Presidency’s border is marked as Tirhoot, Muckwanpour, and Morung, with the area further north labelled as Bootan. Nepal is notably absent from this map.<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
In 1793, the Company Government introduced the Permanent Settlement, creating hundreds of small zamindaris while simultaneously degrading the old zamindari houses by lowering their social, economic, and political status. The reduction in the size of the land allocated to them and the loss of their traditional positions were unacceptable to many of these zamindars. The situation was complex. On one hand, the zamindars, whether large or small, were local figures with a long history of social relationships. Despite the new selfish designs of the colonial powers, these ties remained somewhat intact, fostering resistance against the outsider “Yavana” or “Firangi.” On the other hand, the zamindars were made subservient to their new, powerful masters, who had bestowed zamindari rights upon them and could easily strip them of their status and turn them into paupers. This dynamic extended to the Raja of Nepal and the smaller regional chiefs.<\/p>\n
As for the zamindars of North Bihar, they revolted against the Company Government over land settlement issues, particularly after the introduction of the Permanent Settlement of 1793. The revolts varied, from violent uprisings to legal battles and protests. For instance, Fateh Sahi of Hathwa resorted to guerrilla warfare, refusing to allow the Company Government to establish peace or secure revenue from his region. He was supported by numerous smaller zamindars. Bihar zamindars also extended their support to Benaras. Their kinsmen in south-central Bihar provided assistance, both financially and by supplying manpower. Bettiah also engaged in protests and lent support to zamindars revolting against the Company.<\/p>\n
Tirhut launched a legal battle against the Company Government, aided by widespread support from ryots, amlas, and petty zamindars. This resistance made it apparent that the Company was ineffective in collecting revenue in the region. When the Company Government prepared for its final assault on the Nepalese Gorkhas in 1814 along the Champaran border, it found that the zamindars of North Bihar, despite repeated letters and notices, refused to assist the Company’s forces. Eventually, limited support came from Darbhanga, but only in the form of food grains and supplies.<\/p>\n
Faced with this resistance, the Company Government resorted to several measures to maximise benefits while minimising difficulties. Fateh Sahi continued to harass Company officers and inflict significant damage on their troops. Despite the superior training and weaponry of the Company’s forces and their strategic promises of leniency and rights, he could not be subdued. Ultimately, he sought refuge in the jungle areas of Gorakhpur, becoming a renunciate. He was replaced by a distant cousin who was installed on the throne of Hathwa.<\/p>\n
The Bettiah Zamindari was one of the oldest and\u00a0largest zamindaris. The Company Government began fomenting trouble for it by instigating the Babus of Madhuban and Sheohar, raising disputes over succession to the throne and contesting the estate’s revenue figures. The conflict persisted for some time, during which the Company Government deployed its own officials to assess the actual revenue potential of the estate, particularly from its natural resources and its trade and commerce with Nepal, as the main highway to Nepal passed through Bettiah’s jurisdiction. After years of harassment, Bettiah was eventually reinstated.<\/p>\n
Similarly, Madhava Singh was stripped of his Sadar Zamindari rights in Tirhut. His estate spanned 110 Parganas, which included the 102 Parganas of Sarkar Tirhut, the valley of the mountains (sub-Himalayan tract to the north), zamindari, milkiat, and settlements, as described in Aurangzeb’s Farman to Lashkar Khan, Governor of Bihar (mentioned earlier). Additionally, it included five Parganas of Sarkar Purnea, two Parganas of Sarkar Tajpur, Pargana Dharampur, and one Pargana in Sarkar Monghyr. He suffered personal humiliation when his residence was raided, and his household goods were confiscated. He was threatened with imprisonment, and even his amlas were imprisoned. Furthermore, he was required to bear the expenses of the revenue officials and the court at Darbhanga.<\/p>\n
These actions deeply wounded the Maharaja’s pride, and this loss of self-esteem made him so defiant that he refused to accept anything less than the entirety of his estate, which his family had held for decades. His estate was instead transferred to Faiz-ud-Din and Barkat Ulla Khan of Patna. However, it was a strange decision to transfer the estate to individuals from another region and outside the family. They were unable to collect revenue, even with the assistance of the Company Government’s district administration officials, and began complaining about non-compliance on the part of the ryots and amlas.<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
Then, unexpectedly, the elder of the two, Barkat Ulla Khan, was found dead at his Patna residence, according to a report by the District Magistrate. Following this, both his heirs and Faiz-ud-Din refused to continue the lease. This death, reportedly caused by a fall from the terrace of his house, appeared highly suspicious. At the time, Madhava Singh was in Patna, fighting his case with the Revenue Department. By that point, Sarkar Tirhut had been under his family’s control for over two centuries, and Madhava Singh had the unwavering support of people from all religions and castes in his region. Could this have been a conspiracy to murder Barkat Ulla Khan and stage it as a suicide?<\/p>\n
To resolve this delicate situation, the Company Government adopted a face-saving approach. Only about one-third of Darbhanga’s zamindari, which was already under direct revenue cultivation, was restored, while the remaining two-thirds, held by petty zamindars, were settled separately with them and others.<\/p>\n
In 1801, the Company Government signed an unusual Treaty with the Nepal Government. According to\u00a0the terms of this Treaty, King Ran Bahadur, after abdicating the throne in favour of his infant son, was formally acknowledged as the illegitimate son of King Ran Bahadur from a widow belonging to the Maithil Brahmin community. Following his abdication, King Ran Bahadur adopted the life of a renunciate under the name Swami Gunanand. The Treaty stipulated that he would receive an annual maintenance sum of Rs. 72,000 in cash and Rs. 10,000 in kind, payable by the Company Government, regardless of whether he resided in Nepal or Banaras.<\/p>\n
It is worth noting that, earlier, Prithwi Narayan Shah had also been provided refuge and assistance by the Company Government in Banaras. The infant king, Girvan Yudha Bikram Shah, was placed under the guardianship of his stepmother, the senior wife of King Ran Bahadur, along with a few senior ministers. It raises an important question: why would an independent kingdom sign a Treaty on such an issue with a foreign power? The involvement of the Company representatives seems evident, as the stepmother and ministers of the infant king must have received their strong backing to agree to such terms. The Company Government sought assistance from Darbhanga to bring the Nepal Durbar to the negotiating table at Sugauli. According to the first draft, or First Treaty, in 1815, the Company appropriated the entire ceded territory in the West, the entire Terai, and the East as well. This action rendered Nepal virtually a toothless, incapacitated petty kingdom, surviving at the mercy of the Company Government.<\/p>\n
Realising the dire situation they had fallen into, the Nepalese King initiated prolonged behind-the-scenes negotiations. The Company, after considering various permutations and combinations, revised the Treaty of Sugauli in December 1816. This revision restored a significant portion of the Terai, as discussed in earlier chapters, and compelled the Nepal Durbar to submit virtually to the Company’s dictates.<\/p>\n
Mohan Mainali, a Nepali scholar specialising in indigenous sources on the relationship between Nepal and the British East India Company Government, and later with the British Crown Government in India, has detailed several battles fought in the Terai region along the border. His work, titled Nepal-Angrej Yuddhako Bakhan, was published by Bookhill, Kathmandu, in 2023.<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
The accompanying table provides a clear picture of the relative strength of the parties on the battlefield. As previously mentioned, Nepal was unified by the Gorkha Chief Prithwi Narayan Shah, whose military strength was bolstered by modern weapons and training received in Banaras under the Company’s patronage. However, when Nepal engaged in conflict with Company forces, it is possible they were denied easy access to saltpetre or gunpowder, rendering their weapons ineffective in battle.<\/p>\n
Technology and tactics have always been prerequisites for victory in any war. The East India Company, under Clive, was well aware of this and had, therefore, secured the rights to the production and trade of saltpetre even before acquiring the Diwani of Bengal.<\/p>\n
The Treaty of Sugauli is, to a great extent, unique, as it was amended, ratified, and revisited over a span of 70 years until 1885 by the Crown Government. Among these amendments and ratifications, only the initial one, ratified in 1815, was adverse to Nepal’s interests. The subsequent changes, however, were predominantly one-sided and in favour of Nepal. This raises an intriguing question: why did the Company Government undergo such a significant change of heart? What motivated these acts of apparent benevolence?<\/p>\n
Between 1815 and 1885, additional treaties were signed, addressing various issues. However, these primarily pertained to the interests of the Company Government and, later, the British Crown Government. Notably, on 20 January 1837, the Company Government received a document from the Nepal Darbar concerning the surrender of Thugs. This document outlined the arrangements proposed for the surrender of thuggee offenders.<\/p>\n
It says:<\/p>\n
“When a thug approver or approvers make an allegation of murder by means of poison, or strangling, against an individual, said to be residing in Nepal, and when the charge is accompanied by a description of the accused person, an enumeration of his family, brothers or other relations, and the name of his village given, or his habitation otherwise described; and when on investigation by the local officers of Nepal into the above, it appears that the accused has not been a permanent resident at the place, that his people and family are not forthcoming, that he has no ostensible means of livelihood, and that his mode of living is nevertheless comfortable, or that it appears that he has been in the habit of residing for three or four months together at different places in the neighbourhood, and that without ostensible means of livelihood he is still enabled to exist; and when all or several of these circumstances correspond with the approver’s statement, then will the Nepal Government make surrender of such individuals to the Magistrates of the British Government for trial and punishment…”.<\/p>\n
The same terms would have applied to anyone wanted by Nepal but residing within the territory controlled by the Company Government. This treaty was replete with clauses that made it a convenient tool for handling such cases. The Company Government was particularly wary of individuals who caused trouble for them and sought refuge in the Terai or the mountainous regions of Nepal. These areas were so remote and rugged that locating any fugitive was virtually impossible.<\/p>\n
The treaty provided the Company Government with leverage to exert pressure on the Nepal Government, ensuring they remained on the back foot in any situation.<\/p>\n
On 6th November 1839, the Maharaja of Nepal sent a letter bearing his Red Seal to the Company Agent at Kathmandu, addressing certain engagement issues raised by the Agent in a request regarding the friendship between the two governments. The letter contained six clauses, of which three are particularly significant:<\/p>\n
1. All secret intrigues, whether by messengers or letters, shall cease entirely.<\/p>\n
2. The Nepal Government agrees to refrain from any further communication with the dependent allies of the Company beyond the Ganges, who are, by treaty, prohibited from such interactions, except with the Resident’s sanction and under his passports.<\/p>\n
3. The Nepal Government shall maintain its customary exchange of letters and personal interactions with zamindars and baboos on this side of the Ganges who are connected by marriage to the Nepalese Royal Family.<\/p>\n
The remaining three clauses pertain to judicial procedures in case of any contingencies arising.<\/p>\n
These clauses indicate that both governments were engaged in mutual intrigues of a serious nature. The Nepal Government was found to be interacting with zamindars and baboos (smaller or collateral brothers of zamindars) under the guise of marriage ties, or through commercial or religious associations. In the past, the Company Government had observed how the zamindars of North Bihar refrained from supporting the Company Government on the battlefield. It is likely the Company took note of the patterns of relationships between the Indian zamindars and those of Nepal, including ties with the Nepalese Royal Family.<\/p>\n
There is little doubt that this treaty revisited issues similar to those addressed in another treaty just two years earlier. To curtail the Nepal Government’s capacity for any significant mischief and secure compliance, this exchange of vows or treaty was drafted and executed.<\/p>\n
Subsequently, on 2nd January 1841, another treaty, referred to in local parlance as the Ikraar Naamaah, was signed between the Company Government and 94 chiefs, ministers, and zamindars. The Ikraar Naamaah (agreement paper) expressed the desire for the friendship between the two governments to strengthen with each passing day for their mutual benefit.<\/p>\n
6<\/p>\n
The only Clause says:<\/p>\n
“…if, nevertheless, any unforeseen circumstance or unjust or senseless proceeding should at any time arise to shake the friendly understanding which ought to exist between the two Sirkars, or to cause uproar and mischief at Kathmandu, we should be responsible for it.”.<\/p>\n
It is important to note, as described by Dr Lakshman Jha and other historians, that the mountainous region of Nepal was traditionally divided between two groups of tribes, known as b\u0101\u012bs\u012b (twenty-two) and caub\u012bs\u012b (twenty-four). These groups controlled their respective territories. Prithwi Narayan Shah unified all forty-six tribes to form a unified Nepal.<\/p>\n
However, in this Ikraar Naamaah, we find the signatures of 94 chiefs. This suggests that an additional 48 chiefs emerged in the Nepal Terai region, indicating the region’s capacity to create influential leaders. These chiefs were likely powerful enough to pose challenges or disturbances to the relationship between the two governments.<\/p>\n
The Nepalese chiefs historically maintained marital and commercial relationships with families on both sides of the Ganges. The Ujjainiya Rajput family of Dumraon, located on the southern side of the Ganges, continues to have marital ties with Nepal to this day.<\/p>\n
On 10th February 1855, another treaty was signed between the Company Government and the Nepal Government, which ultimately became the last treaty concluded with the Company Government. The treaty comprised nine articles, detailing various agreed-upon matters. Notably, the second and third articles explicitly state that neither government is ob’ to prosecute or surrender individuals involved in civil cases or financial crimes.<\/p>\n
The third article specifies that individuals who have committed criminal offences such as thuggee, dacoity, murder, and the like, and are found residing in the territory of the other government, shall be handed over to the authorities under whose jurisdiction the crime was committed. The fifth article clarifies this further, stating that such a surrender of criminals shall occur only upon receiving a formal requisition supported by proper evidence.<\/p>\n
The sixth article stipulates that if a person attached to the Residency commits a crime and is not a citizen of the host country, they shall be extradited to their native country for trial by court. However, if the individual is a resident of the host country, they may be prosecuted under that country’s laws. Additionally, any person engaged in trade who commits an illegal act and seeks asylum shall not be granted protection by the respective government.<\/p>\n
In 1857, the Bengal Army staged a revolt, and the mutiny soon spread across India under the rule of the Company Government. Seeking assistance, the Company turned to Nepal, and Prime Minister Jung Bahadur promptly dispatched his Gorkha troops to aid them. With Nepal’s support, the Company Government successfully recaptured its territories and contained further damage.<\/p>\n
However, in 1860, the British Crown assumed direct control of India’s administration, bringing an end to the British East India Company as the ruling authority. Despite this change in governance, the existing treaties were not annulled but were instead further reinforced.<\/p>\n
During the First War of Independence, also known as the Mutiny of 1857, the then Maharaja of Darbhanga, Maheshwar Singh, relocated from Darbhanga to Banaras. Anticipating unrest, he had recruited around three hundred “Kanpur-men” for security at Darbhanga and\u00a0instructed the construction of a deep trench or moat around his residence and the zamindari office.<\/p>\n
Raymond Callahan of the University of Delaware, in his review of the book Biography of an Indian Patriot: Maharaja Lakshmishwar Singh of Darbhanga, published in the Journal of the American Oriental Society, noted that Maheshwar Singh appeared to be an unwilling subject of the East India Company. He further highlighted that Maheshwar Singh played a somewhat ambiguous role during the events of 1857-58.<\/p>\n
The Company Government viewed Maheshwar Singh’s actions with suspicion and remained on alert. Reports from Company officers mention two incidents in which some of the “Kanpur-men” allegedly threatened Company officials by pointing their weapons at them.<\/p>\n
7<\/p>\n
Maheshwar Singh, like many zamindars of Bihar and Awadh, stationed himself in Banaras, observing the uprising and waiting for it to take a decisive direction. He had also arranged for a contingent of fighters from Kanpur, anticipating that the War of Independence might reach a turning point.<\/p>\n
However, when it became evident that the Indians would lose, as reinforcements from Punjab and Nepal supported the Company Government in reclaiming Indian Territory, a vigorous campaign was launched to hunt down the Indian fighters. At this juncture, Maheshwar Singh became a valuable intermediary, facilitating the safe passage of Indian fighters to Nepal through Darbhanga, leveraging its contiguous border and challenging terrain, which made pursuit difficult.<\/p>\n
The events in Nepal since the rise of Gorkha power under King Prithwi Narayan Shah have been marked by intrigues orchestrated and managed by the Company Government, often with the help of power-hungry individuals and groups within Nepal, close to the centres of power. This is evident not only from the events themselves but also from the treaties signed during this period. The ruling families, as well as the Prime Ministers, Shahs, and Ranas, frequently faced massacres. British chroniclers have written about one such event in 1885, noting that the British Government arranged for the safety of the surviving members. However, the details of the incident remain unspecified.<\/p>\n
The personal diary of the late Rameshwara Singh, who was the Maharajakumar of Darbhanga and the younger brother of the late younger Maharajadhiraja Lakshmishwar Singh of Darbhanga, provides additional details from 1896 during his visit to Allahabad.<\/p>\n
On Monday, 30 November, 1896 Rameshwara Singh<\/p>\n
writes:<\/p>\n
“General Padma Jang, the richest of Jang Bahadur’s sons came to see us. He told us that General Jit Jang has gone to England believing that he would meet with better success there a very forlorn hope. After the death of Ranbir Jung, his widows and children – there are four grown up daughters among them – are in a very bad way. His two eldest sons are at school. They are very quiet – but not particularly brilliant looking boys.<\/p>\n
The Jetha Maharani – Jimy Bahadur’s eldest daughter is at Nasik and will not return to Nepal though asked to do so by Bir Shamsher Jang as she fears for her life. I believe my brother is secretly giving her an allowance of Rs. 500\/- a month which is very generous of him.”<\/p>\n
The question arises: how was this arrangement made, and why did Darbhanga agree to it? Mithila have always had a close relationship with Nepal. While there may have been skirmishes or territorial disputes between them, they were always united in the face of an external threat, particularly against the Yavanas (Greeks) or Europeans. Who could have been more concerned for Nepal than Mithila? The two regions share a long contiguous border, as well as strong person-to-person ties between their citizens. Their language and culture are intertwined, and the identity of Mithila transcends other interests. Even the folk tales of Bhagwati Parwati, the consort of Lord Shiva, are considered a common heritage, as her paternal family is believed to have hailed from the Himalayas. How could Maharajadhiraja Lakshmishwar Singh have refused the request for safety from the ladies of Kathmandu?<\/p>\n
There is another story circulating within the Darbhanga Raj family, as relayed to the author of this book by Maharaniadhirani Kama Sundari alias Kalyani Devi, the widow of the last Maharajadhiraja of Darbhanga, Sir Kameshwara Singh, regarding the connection between the Peshwas, Darbhanga, and Nepal. Here is an extract of the story as narrated by Maharaniadhirani Kama Sundari.<\/p>\n
The British re-captured Delhi and Kanpur in 1858-59. After the mutiny was suppressed, the British, with the help of forces from Punjab and the Gorkhas, began hunting down the leaders of the mutiny, including Nana Sahib Peshwa of Bithoor. At that time, the erstwhile Maharaja of Darbhanga, Maheshwar Singh, was in Varanasi. Nana Sahib met him in secrecy and requested two things: first, safety and the maintenance of his family deities at Bithoor, and second, a safe passage to Nepal through his territory. Maheshwar Singh arranged for his safe passage to Nepal, and the Darbhanga Raj took responsibility for maintaining the Bithoor temples. Even today, the Kameshwar Religious Trust provides funds for the Bithoor temple, and the records related to this are in the public domain.<\/p>\n
As a token of gratitude, the Peshwa sent a necklace and a letter thanking Maheshwar Singh for his assistance. That letter was always kept in a sandalwood box in the treasury of the Darbhanga Raj, and Kameshwar Singh had personally brought that precious item to show it to his bride, narrating the story behind it. The elites of Nepal also talk about Nana Sahib and his family being settled in Nepal, but this had to be kept secret, as the Company Government had forced Nepal to make certain commitments under the Treaties concerning these matters.<\/p>\n
Secondly, the Rana family possessed the famous Peshwa Necklace, which they sold to Maharajadhiraja Rameshwara Singh of Darbhanga in the 1910s. How could they have acquired such a prized possession of the Peshwas? It is believed that they extracted jewels and other valuable items from the Peshwas in return for providing them with safety in Nepal.<\/p>\n
By the year 1885-86, the political and economic situations of both Nepal and Darbhanga began to improve. Violence took a back seat in Nepal, and the influence of modern education and industrial progress from the West started to inspire dreams of development and modernisation in both Nepal and Darbhanga. The two regions grew closer once again, and interactions began to take shape. A young Maharaja, Lakshmishwar Singh, ascended the throne of Darbhanga and initiated a phase of modernisation in Tirhut by establishing modern educational institutions and encouraging industrialisation. It has already been explained how Lakshmishwar Singh provided safety to the members of the Rana family following the massacre in 1885. However, he passed away at the young age of forty, but his vision was carried forward by his brother, Rameshwara Singh, and later by his nephew, Kameshwar Singh. These two maintained a strong relationship with Nepal until the sudden death of Kameshwar Singh in 1962.<\/p>\n
We have come across a letter dated 20 December 1927, written by the Maharaja of Darbhanga from Kamakhya to his son, Kameshwar Singh, who was in Calcutta at the time. In the letter, the Maharaja instructed his son to meet the Maharaja of Nepal, who was also in Calcutta at that time. Another letter, dated 24 April 1928, was written by the Bada Kazi of the Nepal Durbar to the Private Secretary of the Maharaja of Darbhanga. In this letter, the Bada Kazi expressed gratitude for providing the details of the arrangements required for the Maharaja of Darbhanga during his visit to the Nepal Durbar.<\/p>\n
8<\/p>\n
There is yet another letter from Chandra Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana, dated 4th September 1928, addressed to the Maharajakumar of Darbhanga, Kameshwar Singh. It conveys his pleasure and satisfaction regarding the Maharajakumar’s concern for Chandra Shamsher’s illness and his offer of assistance with medical treatment in Calcutta.<\/p>\n
On 9th January 1933, the Maharaja of Nepal, Joodha Shamsher Jung Bahadur Rana, wrote to the Maharaja of Darbhanga, Kameshwar Singh, signing simply as “Joodha.” Both of them were very good friends. In this letter, Joodha congratulates Kameshwar Singh on being knighted and states: “Betokening, as it does, the appreciation of the high merit which you possess and have been evincing so very conspicuously, your acquisition of the order stands as a source of great pleasure to us, as much as it must be gratifying to your good self.”<\/p>\n
In 1945, the imfamous River Kosi caused massive devastation due to flooding around Saharsa. The Viceroy, Lord Wavell, visited Darbhanga, and the Governor of Bihar, Sir Rutherford, was summoned for a meeting on the issue on 14th July. A discussion was held on measures to contain the River Kosi, and a plan was drawn up. The Maharajadhiraja of Darbhanga, Sir Kameshwar Singh, promised all possible assistance in terms of financial support and logistics. Thereafter, the barrage at Bhimnagar was constructed.<\/p>\n
To enhance socio-cultural interaction between the people of Mithila on both sides of the Nepal-India border, a plan was devised to construct a railway line from Jaynagar, on the Indian side, to Janakpur, a pilgrimage site in Nepal. Officials from Nepal, along with the Maharaja of Nepal, visited India, and a survey was conducted.<\/p>\n
On 6th December 1949, Darbhanga Raj leased out the land necessary for the construction of the railway line as well as the railway station to Nepal. The lease agreement was signed by Raja Bahadur Visheshwar Singh, the younger son of the late Maharajadhiraja Rameshwar Singh and younger brother of Maharajadhiraja\u00a0Kameshwar Singh, and Lieutenant Colonel Tilak Shumshere Thapa, who was fully empowered by the Nepal Government to act on its behalf.<\/p>\n
The leased land measured 28 bighas and 15 dhurs, which had been purchased from two petty zamindars and ryots of Raj Darbhanga.<\/p>\n
The Deed gives the details as follows:<\/p>\n
“This Deed of permanent and perpetual Lease, made this sixth day of December of the year Nineteen hundred and forty-nine, between Raja Bahadur Visheshwara Singh, son of the late Maharajadhiraja Sir Rameshwara Singh Bahadur, G.C.T.E., the Raja and the proprietor of the estate known as Rajnagar Raj, herein-after called the Lessor, which expression, unless repugnant to the context herein, includes his heirs, executors, administrators, representatives, and assigns of the first part, and Government of Nepal, through Lieutenant Colonel Tilak Shum Shere Thapa, who has been fully empowered to act on behalf of the said Government of Nepal by virtue of the power vested in him by an order issued through, and duly sealed and signed by, the Foreign Secretary to the Government of Nepal, hereinafter called the Lessee, which expression, unless repugnant to the context hereof, includes all or such other persons or as may hereafter stand in the shoes of the said Government of the Second Part, witnesseth that:<\/p>\n
Whereas the said Lessee stands in need of a piece of land measuring 28 bighas and 15 dhurs only, according to the local standard of measurement, fully specified and described at the foot of this Deed for the purpose of the Nepal Jaynagar Janakpur Railway belonging to the said Lessee…<\/p>\n
In consideration of the said annual rent … the Lessor do hereby grant, convey, and transfer by way of permanent and perpetual Lease to and in the Lessee all that 28 bighas and 15 dhurs of land, fully and specially described in Schedule “A” and “B” at the bottom of this Deed, and it is agreed and covenanted:<\/p>\n
(1) That the Lessee has paid to the Lessor all costs…. and prices incurred in purchasing the right, title, and interest of the tenants in all lands specified in Schedule “B” at the bottom of this Deed.<\/p>\n
(2) That the Lessor shall pay all cesses and other public charges.<\/p>\n
(3) That the Lessee shall use the land hereby demised only for the construction of the Railway, for digging ditches alongside the said land, as also for erecting buildings and quarters and sinking wells in connection with the said Railway, and use the land in whatever way or manner the Lessee like for the purpose of effectively running the said Railway service.<\/p>\n
(4) That the Lessee shall not use the land for any other purpose.<\/p>\n
(5) That in the event of the Railway or the Railway being removed from the site of the said land hereby leased, the lands shall be resumed by the Lessor.<\/p>\n
(6) That in the event of the said land being resumed, the Lessor shall pay to the Lessee all the costs incurred in acquiring the said right, title, and interest of tenants in the lands set forth in Schedule “B.”<\/p>\n
(7) That if the Lessor… the fixture, he shall pay the legitimate price therefore to the Lessee, and in the event of his not choosing to retain the fixtures, the Lessee shall be entitled to remove the fixtures.”<\/p>\n
This rail line is still operational and was modernised by the Government of India in the last decade. It has been an immense help to the people in their social and cultural relations. Now, it caters to a great number of small and petty traders as well.<\/p>\n
Taking this relationship a few steps further, Darbhanga Aviation played an instrumental role in the supply of cement and iron for the construction of Bhimnagar Bandh on the Kosi during the early 1950s.<\/p>\n
On 4th October 1951, the Ambassador of India in Nepal wrote to the Maharaja of Darbhanga, Kameshwar Singh: “His Majesty the King of Nepal wishes me to convey to you his grateful thanks for the loan of your house at Calcutta during his last visit. He has now been able to fix the marriage of his third daughter with the Maharajakumar of Mayurbhanj….he has made enquiries if it would be possible for you to be generous enough to place your house at his disposal”.<\/p>\n
The marriage took place in February 1952, and both Nepal and Mayurbhanj were very close friends of Darbhanga.<\/p>\n
However, since India was now an independent country, any help could only be provided through official channels.<\/p>\n
On 31st March 1952, Maharaja Tribhuvan wrote to Kameshwar Singh, thanking him profusely for allowing him the use of the Darbhanga House at Calcutta for the abovementioned marriage ceremony. He writes:<\/p>\n
“I am writing this letter to thank you most warmly for your kindness in permitting the use of Darbhanga House in Calcutta, in connection with the marriages of two of my daughters. I cannot express what great convenience the use of this house in Calcutta afforded me…I shall be looking forward to the opportunity of meeting you sometime.”<\/p>\n
The Maharaja of Darbhanga, Sir Kameshwar Singh, was very close friend of the Maharaja of Nepal, Tribhuvan Beer Vikram Shah. There was a problem in Nepal in 1950-51. The communists had tried to uproot the monarchy and the political trouble was quite a concern for the royal family of Nepal. The CIA reported that the Maharaja of Darbhanga, Kameshwar Singh became very disturbed by the events and had his private plane and pilot ready on standby to evacuate the Nepal Royal Family in case the trouble got out of hand (Appendix -23).<\/p>\n
In 1954, the Government of India constituted the “States Reorganisation Commission” for the creation of states based on various criteria. Several representations were made by organisations concerning Mithila\/Tirhut, advocating for the consideration of Mithila as a separate state. The President of the Mithila Chhatra Sangh, Kolkata, Maithil Mahasabha, Dr Lakshman Jha, and others, in their detailed representation, mentioned, among other data regarding the area, population, resources, etc., the area and population of Mithila that is now a part of Nepal. The details of that region are as follows:<\/p>\n
District – Area (in sq.miles)<\/p>\n
Morang –\u00a0975<\/p>\n
Saptari –\u00a0802<\/p>\n
Mahotari –\u00a0770<\/p>\n
Saralahi –\u00a0872<\/p>\n
Rautahat –\u00a0595<\/p>\n
Bara –\u00a0464<\/p>\n
Parasa –\u00a0375<\/p>\n
The total area is 4853 square miles, which is quite close to their rough estimate of about 5000 square miles. However, by this time, it was too late to redraw the international border between Nepal and India. This might have caused the two governments to let the border remain porous, making it easy for the people to continue their socio-economic, religious, and cultural interactions unabated.<\/p>\n
The diaries of the Senior Maharani, Raj Lakshmi Ji, and Junior Maharani, Kama Sundari Ji, of Darbhanga, wives of the last Maharaja, Kameshwar Singh, on several occasions, mention the visit of the Nepal Maharaja to Darbhanga and Kameshwar Singh to Nepal, as well as the visits of the officers of both. The Daily Appointment Diary at Darbhanga House, New Delhi, also contains details of the dates and times of the visits of the Maharaja and officials from Nepal. Both of them had common friends among the royalties and zamindars in India.<\/p>\n
Darbhanga was invited to the Coronation Ceremony of Maharajadhiraja Mahendra Beer Vikram Shah Deva on 2nd May 1956, at Hanuman Dhoka Darbar. The relationship continued until 2nd October 1962, when the Maharaja of Darbhanga, Kameshwar Singh, passed away suddenly at a very early age.<\/p>\n
The close political and cultural relationship, as well as the contiguous boundary between Tirhut and Nepal, caused significant damage to Darbhanga during the colonial era. First, to economically handicap the Maharaja of Darbhanga, the Company Government took away its Sadar Zamindari rights and then gifted about 5000 square miles of the Terai, which belonged to Tirhut, to Nepal. Thereafter, despite having accepted that Darbhanga Raj had been recognised as sovereign, they denied the status.<\/p>\n
The fear of both Nepal and Darbhanga combined would have given the Company Government nightmares, as was always felt by them and, later, by the British Crown Government too.<\/p>\n
As of now, a divided Mithila is facing a great problem, as geopolitical issues are leading to the border becoming harder and restrictions being imposed slowly but steadily on social and cultural interactions, stifling the common people who have always enjoyed a shared religious, cultural, and linguistic identity. Marriages still take place between the people on both sides of the border, but these occurrences are becoming fewer with each passing year. Internal political rhetoric in Nepal’s polity is also adding fuel to the already raging fire. The common heritage is being divided and fought for proprietorship by petty, politically inspired local leaderships on both sides. How can two nations carved out of one body and soul have such a relationship?<\/p>\n
The colonial policy of the Company Government to weaken the people of this great subcontinent and usurp the resources led to the first partition of India, enacted through one of the most malicious treaties, the Segawlee Treaty, as the British called it. The greed for saltpeter, the mother of explosive gunpowder, played havoc with Mithila and Nepal, and the people of the region did not even realise it.<\/p>\n
The first partition of India, involving the ceding of a large tract of agricultural land from Sarkar Tirhut and Awadh to Nepal, did not cause any harm to the people. It was undertaken for the sake of peace and revenue, not based on language, religion, culture, or ethnicity. The relationship between Nepal and Mithila can be gauged by the fact that Nepal often served as a refuge for people from Mithila whenever they felt threatened, and the same applied to people on the other side of the border. Whether for education, pilgrimage, trade, or religious rites, people sought solace under the open skies across the border. Phanishwar Nath ‘Renu’ referred to Nepal as “Sanoma”, (second mother). Yes, Nepal Terai has had a deep association with Mithila, and the soft border symbolises the feelings of “the people”.<\/p>\n
The series of correspondence between G. F. Grand, the Collector of Tirhut, and John Shore, President, and Members of the Board of Revenue, from 1787, cited in the earlier chapter, unequivocally says how Maharaja Madhav Singh of Darbhanga fought tooth and nail to keep Tirhut united, which included the parts of Terai. But the geopolitics of the early colonial era, the greed for complete control on salt Peter production and trade of the company government, the craving of more than five hundred petty landlords of the region to have status equal to Raj Darbhanga as zamindar in the eyes of colonial masters, led to the disintegration of Tirhut as a strong united socio-political and cultural entity and eventually to the First Partition if India.<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/p>\n
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\u0967\u096c\u0966\u096e \u0908. \u0914\u0930 \u0967\u096d\u096b\u096e \u0908. \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 (\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0913\u0902-\u091c\u092e\u0940\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902) \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u092a\u091f\u0928\u093e, \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0938, \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947 \u0936\u0939\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0932\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u0964 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0947 \u0916\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u0920 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0964<\/p>\n
—<\/p>\n
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\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0909\u0938\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u093f\u092a\u0940, \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u091a\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u093e\u091c, \u0915\u092a\u093e\u0938, \u0928\u0940\u0932, \u0936\u094b\u0930\u093e, \u0917\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e, \u0935\u0917\u0948\u0930\u0939, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0939\u092e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
\u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u0940\u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0932\u0947\u0902: \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932, \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u091c\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947, \u0909\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u093f\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b\u093c \u0930\u0947\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0907\u0915\u091f\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0921\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0936\u0928, \u091c\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0921\u093f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0915\u0949\u0928\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u092f \u0930\u0915\u092e \u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0921\u093f\u092b\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n
2<\/p>\n
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\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0932\u094d\u091f\u092a\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u091f\u0928\u093e, \u0939\u093e\u091c\u0940\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u0924\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0947, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0949\u0932\u094d\u091f\u092a\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0928\u092a\u093e\u0909\u0921\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0938\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0915\u0930\u0964 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0926\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u092c\u0942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n
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\u092f\u0939 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u0940\u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0948\u092a 1776 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u0940\u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0939\u0942\u0924, \u092e\u0941\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0942\u091f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u0948\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u093e\u0938 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u092c \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n
3<\/p>\n
1793 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u0947\u091f\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0948\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0940\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0918\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932, \u0907\u0915\u094b\u0928\u0949\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0924\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e, \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0902\u091c\u093c\u0942\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u092b, \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930, \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947, \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0925\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c\u0940 \u0907\u0930\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926, \u092f\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 “\u092f\u0935\u0928” \u092f\u093e “\u092b\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0917\u0940” \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b, \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u090f, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924\u0935\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092e \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u0938 \u091b\u0940\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0928\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0926\u094b\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b\u093c \u092c\u0917\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u0940, \u0916\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930 1793 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0938\u0947\u091f\u0932\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092c\u0917\u093e\u0935\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0902, \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u0915 \u092c\u0917\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0924\u0915\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0939\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0924\u0947\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u0947\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0909\u0925-\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u092c\u0947\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b\u093c \u092c\u0917\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
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\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939, \u092e\u093e\u0927\u0935 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091b\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f 110 \u092a\u0930\u0917\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0947 102 \u092a\u0930\u0917\u0928\u093e, \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u093e\u091f\u0940 (\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c-\u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0940 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e), \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u092e\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0940\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0914\u0930\u0902\u0917\u091c\u093c\u0947\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930 \u0932\u0936\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u092b\u093c\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0928 (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092a\u0930\u0917\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u091c\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u0930\u0917\u0928\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u0917\u0928\u093e \u0927\u0930\u092e\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0917\u0928\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091b\u093e\u092a\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u093c\u092c\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0947\u0907\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0924\u0940 \u091d\u0947\u0932\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0940\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0947\u0932 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u092e\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092e\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0947\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u094b\u091f \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e-\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0917\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0926\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0926\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0926\u093e\u0926 \u092a\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u091c-\u0909\u0926-\u0926\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0930\u0915\u0924 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0926\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091c\u0940\u092c \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0907\u0915\u091f\u094d\u0920\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0948\u092f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n
4<\/p>\n
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\u0907\u0938 \u0928\u093e\u091c\u0941\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0932\u091d\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u091c\u093c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u0924 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u090f\u0915-\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0925\u0940, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0926\u094b-\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928, \u091c\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0925\u0940, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0938\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
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\u092f\u0939 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f, \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0936\u093f\u0936\u0941 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0935\u0928 \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094c\u0924\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0920\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e? \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094c\u0924\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0917\u094c\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093c\u094d\u091f, \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0924\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0915, 1815 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u092c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e, \u0915\u092e\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0901\u0938 \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930 1816 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0917\u094c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0948\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0915\u094d\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u092e\u094b\u0939\u0928 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0936\u0932\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932-\u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c \u092f\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0915\u094b \u092c\u0916\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948, 2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0915\u0939\u093f\u0932, \u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0942 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u092c\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
5<\/p>\n
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\u0938\u0941\u0917\u094c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0939\u0926 \u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094b\u0916\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 1885 \u0924\u0915 70 \u0938\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093f\u090f, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0902\u091c\u093c\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u091c\u093c\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947, \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b\u093c \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 1815 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0902\u091c\u093c\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u093c\u093e\u092f\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u0930\u092b\u093c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u091a\u0938\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0920\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0906\u092f\u093e? \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0940 \u092d\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0925\u0940?<\/p>\n
1815 \u0914\u0930 1885 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0916\u093e\u0938 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930, 20 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 1837 \u0915\u094b, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0920\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0921\u0949\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0920\u0917 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0902\u0924\u091c\u093c\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n
“\u091c\u092c \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0917\u0941\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0935\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0916\u093f\u0932\u093e\u092b \u091c\u093c\u0939\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0932\u093e \u0918\u094b\u0902\u091f\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092c\u094d\u092f\u094c\u0930\u093e, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930, \u092d\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e, \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930, \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940 \u0909\u0938 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u0947, \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0940-\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0928-\u0938\u0939\u0928 \u0906\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u093e \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u091c\u0917\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0926\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u094b\u091c\u0940-\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0935\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u0908 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0932 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u0940…”.<\/p>\n
\u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u091f\u0942\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u093e\u0938 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0930\u0923 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u092c\u0921\u093c-\u0916\u093e\u092c\u0921\u093c \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0917\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0941\u092e\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0907\u0938 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0915\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0915\u092b\u0941\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
6 \u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930 1839 \u0915\u094b, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u0940\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947\u091c\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0907\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093c \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0916\u093e\u0938 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n
1. \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0938\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0902, \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0938\u0947\u0902\u091c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0938\u0947, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964 2. \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u0947\u091c\u093f\u0921\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u091c\u093c\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n
3. \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0928 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091a\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0920\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0928-\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u091c\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
\u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093c \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0921\u093c \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u092c\u0941\u0913\u0902 (\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0908) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908\u0964 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0939\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964\u00a0\u0936\u093e\u092f\u0926 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0936\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0917\u0921\u093c\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0926\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093c\u094d\u091f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, 2 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 1841 \u0915\u094b, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 94 \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e (\u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092a\u0947\u092a\u0930) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u091c\u093c\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u092b\u093c\u093e\u092f\u0926\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
6<\/p>\n
\u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b\u093c \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0949\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n
“…\u0905\u0917\u0930, \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940, \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0947\u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0915\u094b \u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0926\u0947, \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0902\u0917\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092a\u0948\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e \u091c\u093c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964”<\/p>\n
\u092f\u0939 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0921\u0949. \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u091d\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u093f \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092c\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0941\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0902\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0938\u0940 (\u092c\u093e\u0908\u0938) \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094c\u092c\u0940 (\u091a\u094c\u092c\u0940\u0938) \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0941\u092a \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947-\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091b\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0938 \u0915\u092c\u0940\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0907\u0938 \u0907\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 94 \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 48 \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0940\u0921\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092f\u0926 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924\u0935\u0930 \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0917\u093e\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0928\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0921\u0941\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0948\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092a\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
10 \u092b\u0930\u0935\u0930\u0940 1855 \u0915\u094b, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0908, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0916\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0906\u0916\u093f\u0930\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u0908\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094c \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0924\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0932 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0916\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092b \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u092f\u093e \u092b\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0920\u0917\u0940, \u0921\u0915\u0948\u0924\u0940, \u092e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0935\u0917\u0948\u0930\u0939 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0932 \u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094c\u0902\u092a \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0939 \u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u092c \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0942\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n
\u091b\u0920\u0947 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092d\u0947\u091c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0938 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u091c\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n
1857 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092c\u0902\u0917\u093e\u0932 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u0941\u0916 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0930\u0916\u093e \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0947\u091c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, 1860 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0927\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926, \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u0926\u094d\u0926 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 1857 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939, \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0905\u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0936\u0902\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u094c “\u0915\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930-\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902” \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0908 \u092f\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0921\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u092e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u0939\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0911\u092b \u0926 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0928 \u0913\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0902\u091f\u0932 \u0938\u094b\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0911\u092b\u093c \u090f\u0928 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u091f: \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0911\u092b\u093c \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f 1857-58 \u0915\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0939\u0940\u0964 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b “\u0915\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930-\u092e\u0948\u0928” \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0925\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u092e\u0915\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
7<\/p>\n
\u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939, \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0948\u0928\u093e\u0924 \u0925\u0947, \u092c\u0917\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0939\u092e \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0902\u0924\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u091f\u0941\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u0924\u091c\u093c\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0939\u092e \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u091c\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0939\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092b\u093c\u094c\u091c \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u0924\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0940\u091b\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u093c\u094b\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0930, \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u091a\u094c\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0940, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u093c\u093e\u092f\u0926\u093e \u0909\u0920\u093e\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094b\u0930\u0916\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0930\u091a\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0938\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u0916\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b\u093c \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0928\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 1885 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u093e \u092c\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0902\u0924\u091c\u093c\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u092f \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u0947, \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0928\u0932 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 1896 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0939\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0938\u094b\u092e\u0935\u093e\u0930, 30 \u0928\u0935\u0902\u092c\u0930, 1896 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939<\/p>\n
\u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n
“\u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e \u091c\u0902\u0917, \u091c\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092e\u0940\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u090f \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0928\u0930\u0932 \u091c\u0940\u0924 \u091c\u0902\u0917 \u0907\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u092f\u093e\u092c\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0930\u0923\u092c\u0940\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 – \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 – \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 – \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0916\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
\u091c\u0947\u0920\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 – \u091c\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u0930 \u0936\u092e\u0936\u0947\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0930\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0908 \u091a\u0941\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 500 \u0930\u0941\u092a\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0938 \u0926\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964”<\/p>\n
\u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0920\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0902\u0924\u091c\u093c\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u092f\u093e? \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u091d\u0921\u093c\u092a\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u091d\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0916\u0924\u0930\u0947, \u0916\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0930 \u092f\u0935\u0928\u094b\u0902 (\u092f\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902) \u092f\u093e \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e? \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0936\u093f\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0917\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0915\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0928\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0920\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921\u0942 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947?<\/p>\n
\u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0916\u093f\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0941\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0930\u094d\u092b \u200b\u200b\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0941\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0908, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n
1858-59 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092c\u0917\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092c \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094b\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0917\u093e\u0935\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0922\u0942\u0902\u0922\u0928\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0920\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092c \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0935\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092c \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0941\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0902: \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940, \u092c\u093f\u0920\u0942\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0940-\u0926\u0947\u0935\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932, \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0947\u092b\u093c \u0907\u0902\u0924\u091c\u093c\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0920\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u092d\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0940\u0964 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940, \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092c\u093f\u0920\u0942\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0921 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0915\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u092c\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
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\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924, \u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0936\u0939\u0942\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0935\u093e \u0928\u0947\u0915\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 1910 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0930\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u091a \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0940? \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0938\u093e\u0932 1885-86 \u0924\u0915, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0915\u094b\u0928\u0949\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u0924 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u090f\u091c\u0941\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u0935\u0932\u092a\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0906 \u0917\u090f, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u091a\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e, \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939, \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u090f\u091c\u0941\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094c\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f 1885 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0928\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0926\u0940\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0909\u092e\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u0908, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0908, \u0930\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0924\u0940\u091c\u0947, \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 1962 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0924 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u091c\u093c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 20 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930 1927 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0947, \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930, 24 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0932 1928 \u0915\u093e, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935\u0947\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093f\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u0924\u091c\u093c\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
8<\/p>\n
\u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u092e\u0936\u0947\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b 4 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u0902\u092c\u0930 1928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u092e\u0936\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0921\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u091f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0911\u092b\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0941\u0936\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n
9 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 1933 \u0915\u094b, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e, \u091c\u0942\u0927\u093e \u0936\u092e\u0936\u0947\u0930 \u091c\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b\u093c “\u091c\u0942\u0927\u093e” \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u0942\u0927\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0939\u0941\u0921 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0927\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e: “\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092b\u093c \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0916\u0941\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0916\u0941\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964”<\/p>\n
1945 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092e\u0936\u0939\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u0930\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0922\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0924\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0938\u0930\u093e\u092f \u0932\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u0947\u0935\u0947\u0932 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0930 \u0938\u0930 \u0930\u0926\u0930\u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u094b 14 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u093e\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0928\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u092e\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092d\u0940\u092e\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0930\u093e\u091c \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932-\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u094b\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b-\u0915\u0932\u094d\u091a\u0930\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u091c\u094b\u0932 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u091c\u092f\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932 \u091c\u0928\u0915\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
6 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930 1949 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093c \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0947 \u0926\u0940\u0964 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093c \u090f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0930\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u092b\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0924\u093f\u0932\u0915 \u0936\u092e\u0936\u0947\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0932\u0940\u091c\u093c \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 28 \u092c\u0940\u0918\u093e \u0914\u0930 15 \u0927\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0948\u092f\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0921\u0940\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0938 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n
“\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0940\u0921, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u091c \u0926\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092c\u0930, \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0940\u0938 \u0938\u094c \u0909\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0938 \u0915\u094b, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939, \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0941\u0930, G.C.T.E. \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0947, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u090f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0938, \u090f\u0917\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930, \u090f\u0921\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930, \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0932\u0947\u092b\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u0924\u093f\u0932\u0915 \u0936\u092e \u0936\u0947\u0930 \u0925\u093e\u092a\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0949\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0940\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f:<\/p>\n
\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0909\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u091c\u092f\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0915\u092a\u0941\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b\u093c 28 \u092c\u0940\u0918\u093e \u0914\u0930 15 \u0927\u0941\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0921\u0940\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948…<\/p>\n
\u0909\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u090f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902… \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0930, \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 28 \u092c\u0940\u0918\u093e \u0914\u0930 15 \u0927\u0941\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0921\u0940\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0936\u0947\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 “A” \u0914\u0930 “B” \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0938 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092b\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n
(1) \u0915\u093f \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0921\u0940\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0936\u0947\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 “B” \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0947… \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n
(2) \u0915\u093f \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0947\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u092c\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
(3) \u0915\u093f \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b\u093c \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947, \u0909\u0938 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0916\u094b\u0926\u0928\u0947, \u0909\u0938 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0916\u094b\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947, \u0909\u0938 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
(4) \u0915\u093f \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093c\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
(5) \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u0930\u0947\u0932\u0935\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093c \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
(6) \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0936\u0947\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 “B” \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
(7) \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0930… \u092b\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0930, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u092b\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0930 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964”<\/p>\n
\u092f\u0939 \u0930\u0947\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0942 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u092c, \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0907\u0938 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u090f\u0935\u093f\u090f\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u0947 1950 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940\u092e\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0902\u0927 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0939\u092e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/p>\n
4 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930 1951 \u0915\u094b, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0926\u0942\u0924 \u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e: “\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0942\u0901\u0964 \u0905\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u092f\u0942\u0930\u092d\u0902\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902….\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0939\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0918\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964”<\/p>\n
\u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092b\u0930\u0935\u0930\u0940 1952 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0925\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u092f\u0942\u0930\u092d\u0902\u091c \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0905\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0925\u093e, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b\u093c \u0911\u092b\u093f\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n
31 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a 1952 \u0915\u094b, \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0941\u0935\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924-\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0926\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n
“\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0916\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u094b \u092c\u0947\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u0938\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u091c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u093f\u0916 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0932\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908…\u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0902\u0924\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0942\u0901\u0917\u093e\u0964”<\/p>\n
\u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e, \u0938\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e, \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0941\u0935\u0928 \u092c\u0940\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964 1950-51 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0916\u093e\u0921\u093c \u092b\u0947\u0902\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0925\u0940\u0964 CIA \u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0907\u0928 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0936\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f \u0925\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935\u0947\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u0932\u091f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0902\u0921\u092c\u093e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0924\u094b \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947 (\u0905\u092a\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 -23)\u0964<\/p>\n
1954 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f “\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0930\u0940\u0911\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0907\u091c\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u092e\u0940\u0936\u0928” \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e\/\u0924\u093f\u0930\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u0964 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0918, \u0915\u094b\u0932\u0915\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0921\u0947\u0902\u091f, \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0938\u092d\u093e, \u0921\u0949. \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u091d\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940, \u0930\u093f\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u0917\u0948\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u090f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092c \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0938 \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091f\u0947\u0932 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n
\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0932\u093e – \u090f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e (\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902)<\/p>\n
\u092e\u094b\u0930\u0902\u0917 – 975<\/p>\n
\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 – 802<\/p>\n
\u092e\u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940 – 770<\/p>\n
\u0938\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0940 – 872<\/p>\n
\u0930\u094c\u0924\u0939\u091f – 595<\/p>\n
\u092c\u093e\u0930\u093e – 464<\/p>\n
\u092a\u0930\u0938\u093e – 375<\/p>\n
\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u090f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e 4853 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u0932 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 5000 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092e\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u093e\u091c\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928\u0932 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u092f\u0926 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b-\u0907\u0915\u094b\u0928\u0949\u092e\u093f\u0915, \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u091a\u0930\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u091c\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0915-\u091f\u094b\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0938\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u200b\u200b\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0942\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u200b\u200b\u0915\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0941\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0906\u0916\u093f\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0925\u0940\u0902, \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092e\u094c\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938, \u0928\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0918\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0949\u092e\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0925\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u094b 2 \u092e\u0908 1956 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0927\u094b\u0915\u093e \u0926\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0940\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0936\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0937\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e 2 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0942\u092c\u0930 1962 \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u093e, \u091c\u092c \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0909\u092e\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0927\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0949\u0932\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0926\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u093c\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0930 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u091b\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 5000 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092e\u0940\u0932 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0935\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0949\u0935\u0930\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0941\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n
\u0905\u092d\u0940, \u092c\u0902\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u091c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0941\u0936\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0936\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u091a\u0930\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0932\u091c\u094b\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947-\u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u092c\u0902\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092e \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u092e \u0918\u0941\u091f \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915, \u0915\u0932\u094d\u091a\u0930\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u092c \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092f\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u092c\u092f\u093e\u0928\u092c\u093e\u091c\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u092d\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0940 \u0921\u093e\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940, \u092a\u0949\u0932\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0940\u0921\u0930\u0936\u093f\u092a \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0902\u091f \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0921\u093c \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n
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\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0902\u091f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093c\u092e\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0935\u0947\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e, \u0915\u0932\u094d\u091a\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0925\u0928\u093f\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0964 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0926\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u092c \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0928\u093e\u0939\u0917\u093e\u0939 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940\u0964 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0925\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b, \u092f\u093e \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0938\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0928 \u0922\u0942\u0902\u0922\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947\u0964 \u092b\u0923\u0940\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0925 ‘\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0941’ \u0928\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b “\u0938\u0928\u094b\u092e\u093e” (\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0901) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0901, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0924\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0930\u092e \u092c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 “\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902” \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n
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**<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"