{"id":24238,"date":"2025-11-10T17:27:52","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T11:42:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maithilijindabaad.com\/?p=24238"},"modified":"2026-01-16T10:24:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T04:39:41","slug":"%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%83-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%aa-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maithilijindabaad.com\/?p=24238","title":{"rendered":"\u0935\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0903 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a – \u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0925"},"content":{"rendered":"

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(\u096a) \u0915\u0924\u0947\u0915 \u090b\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 (\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940) \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u0947\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 ? (\u096b) \u0915\u094b\u0928 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0906 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0939\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947 \u0906\u0928\u0932 \u091c\u0947\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 ?<\/p>\n

\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u090b\u0937\u093f \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947, \u091c\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f, \u091b\u0939 \u090b\u0937\u093f \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093f, \u0906\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c, \u0930\u094b\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u0935\u0948\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0938, \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0936\u093e\u0926, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091c \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0916\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u090b\u0917\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u0906\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0932\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0939\u094b \u090f\u0915\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0932 \u092f\u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u091f\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0935\u0947\u0926 \u092e\u0947, \u0915\u094c\u0924\u0941\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u091f\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0906\u0930 \u0924\u0932\u0935\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u091a\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u092e\u0947, \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u0926\u0941\u0907 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u091c\u0947\u0915\u0930\u093e ‘\u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930’ \u0906 ‘\u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930’ \u0915\u0939\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0948\u0915 \u0964 \u0908 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u0942 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0901 \u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930\u0915 \u0926\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0927\u0930\u093f \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0932\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0926\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0939\u094b \u0939\u094b\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u092e\u0947 \u0938\u0901 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u091b \u0964 \u090f\u0915\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0939\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u091b, \u091c\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u091b \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0964 \u090f\u0939\u093f \u092e\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f \u092e\u0947 \u0906\u0939\u0941\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u091b \u0964<\/p>\n

\u090f\u0915\u091f\u093e \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0948\u0938 \u0917\u094b\u091f \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0915\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u093e\u0924 ‘\u0939\u0935\u093f\u0930 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e’, \u0938\u093e\u0924 ‘\u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e’ \u0906\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0924 ‘\u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e’ \u0964 \u090f\u0939\u093f \u092e\u0947 \u0938\u0901 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0935\u093f\u0930 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0906\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u093f \u0905\u092c\u0948\u091b \u0964 \u0908 \u091a\u094c\u0926\u0939 \u091f\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u092c\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0908 \u091a\u094c\u0926\u0939 \u091f\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 (\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0913 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u091c\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964)<\/p>\n

\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0918\u0930\u0939\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u091f\u093e \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u0947\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0964 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0916\u0941\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u091b \u0964 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0918\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0938 \u0917\u094b\u091f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0920 \u0917\u094b\u091f \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u091a\u094c\u0926\u0939 \u0939\u0935\u093f\u0930-\u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093f\u0915\u092f, \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u091b\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0940\u0938 \u091f\u093e\u0915 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947 \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0908 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u0941\u0902\u0938\u0935\u0928, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u0902\u0924, \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e (\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930), \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u0928, \u091a\u094c\u0932\u093e, \u0909\u092a\u0928\u092f\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0964 \u090f\u0915\u0930\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947 \u0906\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0906\u0920 \u091f\u093e \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0905\u091b\u093f: (\u0967) \u0926\u092f\u093e, (\u0968) \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e, (\u0969) \u0905\u0928\u0938\u0942\u092f\u093e, (\u0905\u0938\u0942\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0908\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935), (\u096a) \u0936\u094c\u091a, (\u096b) \u0939\u0920 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935, (\u096c) \u092e\u0927\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935, (\u096d) \u0932\u094b\u092d \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0924\u0925\u093e (\u096e) \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0964 \u090f\u0915\u0930\u093e ‘\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e’ \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0939\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0948\u0915 \u091c\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0928\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092c \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u091c\u0916\u0928 \u0939\u092e \u0938\u092c \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0928 (\u092a\u0948\u0918 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u092e) \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0940, \u0924 \u0939\u092e \u0938\u092c \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0940 \u091c\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0915\u094b\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u092f \u0930\u0939\u0932 \u091b\u0940 \u0964 \u0908 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0939\u092c \u091b\u0928\u094d\u0939\u093f \u091c\u0947 \u0913 \u0938\u092c \u0926\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0925\u093f \u0964 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0917\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0947\u0926\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u092f\u0932\u0928\u093f \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947, \u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0906\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0932, \u0924\u0947\u0901 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0932, \u091c\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0906\u0907 \u0927\u0930\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u091c\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u091b\u0925\u093f, \u0913 \u0938\u092c \u0906\u092c \u0915\u094b\u0928\u094b \u092a\u0948\u0918 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0948\u091b, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u091c\u0947\u0939\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u091b\u0941 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u091f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u092c \u0938\u0901 \u0915\u092e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0932, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0906\u092c \u0913 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d’ \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947, \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u092c \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u092f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0932 \u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947, \u0915\u093f\u091b\u0941 \u0932\u094b\u0915 ‘\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0924-\u0938\u094b\u092e\u092f\u093e\u091c\u0940’ \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0932, \u092f\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0913 \u091c\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0932 \u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0928\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092f \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0927\u0930\u093f \u091a\u0932\u092c\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b, \u0924 \u0913 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0932 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0906\u092c \u0908 \u0938\u092c \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093f \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0906\u0907, \u0927\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0906\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0942\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0948\u0915 \u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0906\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0903\u0916 \u0906\u0928\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0939\u092e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0939\u0930\u0947\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0930\u0924\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0964 \u0905\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0901 \u0938\u0926\u093f\u0916\u0928 \u092c\u091a\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0907 \u0939\u092e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0932\u092f \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u090f\u0915\u091f\u093e \u0927\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0939\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0948\u0915 \u0964 \u090f\u0939\u093f \u0938\u092c \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0948\u091b \u0906\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u091c\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u0947\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947 ‘\u091a\u092f\u0928’ \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u091f\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092e\u0947 \u090f\u0939\u093f \u0938\u0901 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915\u091f\u093e \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u091c\u0947\u0915\u0930\u093e ‘\u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930’ \u0915\u0939\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0948\u0915 \u0964 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0907 \u0924\u0930\u0939\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u092c\u094b\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0947\u0936 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0913 \u0925\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093f – \u0935\u0947\u0926 \u092e\u0947 \u0905\u092c\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0908 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u0948\u0918 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928 \u0925\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0947\u0915\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0901 \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u0947\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0964 \u0908 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0936\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0948\u0918 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092c \u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0948\u0915 \u0964 \u0908 \u0918\u0930\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u093f \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0924\u0947\u0901 \u0918\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0932\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f-\u092e\u094b\u091f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0939\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0906\u0907-\u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093f, \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0948\u0915 \u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u091b\u0941 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u090f\u0916\u0928\u0939\u0941\u0901 \u0927\u0930\u093f \u0915\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0939\u092e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0908\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u091c\u0947\u0939\u094b \u0915\u093f\u091b\u0941 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0908\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0947\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0906\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0947\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0964 \u0905\u092a\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0939\u093f \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0901 (\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0947\u0932) \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0908 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0926\u0941\u0903\u0916\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0925\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e (\u0939\u0935\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0915\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936), \u091c\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0938\u092d\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u0907-\u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093f \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u091b\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u093f\u0936 \u0920\u0947\u0932\u0932 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964\u00a0 (\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u090f\u0915\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0932 \u0906 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0932 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964)<\/p>\n

\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915 \u0930\u091a\u092f\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c, \u092c\u094b\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0906\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u0942 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u092f\u0932\u0928\u093f \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u090f\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0947, \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u091b\u0941 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u0939\u094b \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u090f\u0915\u091f\u093e \u092e\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947, \u090f\u0915\u091f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947 \u0906\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947 \u0906\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u092c \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u090f\u0939\u093f \u0938\u0901 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0947 ‘\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930’ \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092d\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0905\u0925\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0906\u092c \u092c\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u093f \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0906\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0901 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u093f \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

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\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0903 \u0939\u0930\u0903!!<\/p>\n

THE VEDANGAS<\/p>\n

KALPA – The Arm of the Vedas<\/p>\n

The sixth organ of the Veda Purusha is ‘Kalpa, which is called his arm. ‘Kalpa’ is what induces one to Vedic action. T What does one have to do after having learnt Siksha, Vyaakarana, Chandas, Nirukta and Jyotisha? One must do something to achieve results. We must do some good deeds to wash off the sins which had occurred as a result of doing what came to our mind. To do this, we must have a mantra, its correct pronunciation and meaning. To do the karma, we must have the necessary material aids. We must have a house or place to do these things. Then the result of these actions should be dedicated to God. Kalpa deals with all such matters. One has to recite the Vedas faithfully. The words therein have to be learnt faultlessly through Siksha. The grammar or Vyaakarana should be learnt. The metre and meaning should be known through Chandas and Nirukta and the proper time to perform the rituals should be determined with the help of Jyotisha. All these are only to do the jobs mentioned in Kalpa. Kalpa deals with matters such as (1) how should a particular ritual be done? (2) what functions or Karma should be performed by man of each caste or varna in which state or Aasrama? (ie. brahmachaari, householder or sanyaasi); (3) which ritual involves which mantra, which materials, which Devata? (4) how many Ritviks (or priests) should be employed? (5) what vessels of what shape and size should be used?<\/p>\n

The Kalpa Saastra has been compiled by a number of Sages. In regard to Krishna Yajur Veda, which is mostly prevalent in Southern India, six rishis or Sages viz., Aapasthamba, Rodhaayana, Vaikhaanasa, Satyaashaada, Bharadwaaja and Agnivesa have written Kalpa Sutras. For the Rig Veda Aaswalayana’s Kalpa is the one mostly in vogue. There is also one by Saangaayana. Katyaayana has authored a Sutra for Sukla Yajur Veda. In Saama Veda, for the Kautuma Saakha, Laatyaayana and for Ranaayaneeya Saakha,\u00a0Draahyaayana and for the Talavakaara Saakha, Jaimini have done the Kalpa Sutras. In each Saakha, for the Kalpa, there are two kinds of Sutras called the Grihya Sutra and the Srouta Sutra. These two Sutras detail the forty karmas or vedic rituals to be performed from the time the embryo forms in the womb to the time the body is cremated. Cremation is also one of the Homa or sacrificial offerings. It is called the Antiyeshti, meaning the last rite. In this, the entire body is offered as a sacrifice in Agni.<\/p>\n

A brahmin must perform twenty-one yajnas everyday based on Agni Hotra, viz., seven Havir Yajnas, seven Soma Yajnas and seven Bhaaga Yajnas. Of these the seven Havir Yajnas and seven Soma Yajnas will not appear in the Grihya Sutra. These fourteen come under the Srouta Sutra. These fourteen are included in the forty karmas or samskaras. (Samskara is that which purifies.)<\/p>\n

Agni Hotra is to be done at home. Yajna is done under a canopy erected on open ground. The Srouta Sutra describes the major sacrifices. The Grihya Sutra describes the domestic rites those done at home.<\/p>\n

The Kalpa Sutras detail the forty Samskaaras and eight Aatma Gunas. Barring the fourteen Havir-Soma Yajnas, the remaining twenty-six are mentioned in the Grihya Sutra. These are in the nature of conception or Garbhadana, Pumsavana, Seemanta, Jaatakarma (rites on birth), Namakarana (naming ceremony), Annapraasana, Chowla or tonsure, Upanayana or sacred thread investiture, Vivaaha (marriage), Anti Yesthi, etc. More of these later.<\/p>\n

The eight Aatma gunas are: (1) daya (\u0926\u092f\u093e) or compassion. (2) Kshama (\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e) or patience (3) Anasuya (\u0905\u0928\u0938\u0942\u092f\u093e) absence of asuya, anger and envy. (1) Soucha (\u0936\u094c\u091a) or cleanliness, (5) absence of obstinacy, (6) sweet nature, (7) lack of greed and (8) absence of desire. These are called ‘Saamaanya Dharma’ or injunctions applicable to all men of whatever caste.<\/p>\n

When we do Abhivaadana (obeisance to elders) we declare as to which Sutra we follow. This only refers to the Srouta Sutra. For example the Saama Vedis say they follow the Draahyaayana Sutra. Draahyaayana has authored only Srouta Sutra. Another, by the name of Gobila, has done the Grihya Sutra. But, in the past, since the Vedic rituals were performed faithfully and with gusto, the Srouta Sutra came to be called one’s own Sootra which practice still continues. Those who belong to the later age, do not perform any big Srouta ceremony now but only do some of the Grihya karmas like marriage. The Grihya karmas were to be taken as less important than Srouta karmas but they have now become more important.<\/p>\n

In the olden days, even the poor performed the Srouta karmas, by seeking alms if necessary. In the past, there were some who were called ‘Prati Vasanta-Soma-Yaji’ (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u094b\u092e\u092f\u093e\u091c\u0940) i.e., those who performed the Soma Yaaga every spring. If the annual earning of a person is enough to last for three years, he used to perform the Soma Yaaga every spring.<\/p>\n

All this has now changed. Today, even rich men have three years’ expenses lined up against one year’s income. The economic climate of modern society has brought poverty and misery to all, including the traders. We should be moderate in all things. Excesses should always be avoided. All the cleverness of modern management has only led us to the point of perpetual insufficiency. Even a rich man has overwhelming expenses to meet. All these personal expenses can be moderated and resources should be diverted to the performance of good acts.<\/p>\n

In the conduct of yajnas, there is a thing called ‘Chayana’ (\u091a\u092f\u0928). Kalpa has a separate portion called Sulpa Sutra dealing with this. Sulpa Sutras are of two kinds. Saamaanya (\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f) and Visesha (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937). Katyaayana, Bodhaayana and Hiranya Kesa have written Sulpa Sutra. Srouta is what comes in Sruti – the Veda. These Srouta karmas are big rituals to be done elaborately. These have to be done in big open spaces under temporarily erected sheds. They cannot possibly be done inside the confines of a house. That is why the minor rituals which can be performed at home have come to be called Grihya karmas. These days, yajnas are rarely done. But some of the Grihya karmas are still being done.<\/p>\n

All our Saastras aim at leading one to Godhead. Whatever is written or read should be dedicated to God and must be productive of spiritual well-being. Our Saastras are all so oriented. It is a matter for great regret that the Srouta Karmas (Vedic injunctions in the performance of Havir Sona Yajnas) which are the very essence of Vedas are being relegated to the background more and more nowadays.<\/p>\n

The authors of Kalpa Sutra, viz., Aapasthamba, Bodhaayana and Katyaayana, have done both the Srouta Sutras and Grihva Sutras In addition, there are certain things called Dharma Sutras. These lay down the rules of conduct for a man as an individual, as a member of a family and in society. From these have evolved the Dharma Saastras in later days.<\/p>\n

The Atharva Veda is not much in practice now and its Kalpa Sutras are not readily available.<\/p>\n

Kalpa teaches us every job, however small it may be. And whatever a brahmin does and however small it may be, it is connected with the Vedas. Only then every time he breathes and with every step he takes can he get us the divine forces to help out. That is why it has been laid down as an injunction, as to how he should sit, how he should eat and how he should wear his clothes. For example, the Kalpa Saastra also lays down how houses are to be built. It describes Griha Nirmaana (Plan of the house), Vaastu Lakshana (description of the materials to be used), etc. The reason why this is laid down is that the architecture of the house should help him in his job of harnessing divine forces for the benefit of the world. The Vaiswa Deva Bali has to be performed only at a certain specified portal of the house. This cannot be done in a modern flat. It is only in order to help the Anushtaana or practice of Vedic injunctions that the design of the home is mentioned in Kalpa Sutra. The Upaasana (place where the Agni is to be lit for Homa), has to have a particular design for its correct performance. Its specifications are laid down in the Saastras. If these are not according to the specified layout, it would be difficult to perform the ritual. Just as in a school the classroom, the benches,\u00a0tables, etc., are all pre-planned to help in imparting education, so are these plans laid down for the proper performance of the Vedic rituals. Even in ordinary life we see that in a school laboratory, where experiments are conducted, the lay-out and furniture are different from the rest of the school where students listen to lectures.<\/p>\n

We should design our homes as per our Silpa Saastra. The writers of Sutras make it obligatory for a grihastha (householder) to build his house only in a particular design. This of course will be binding only on those who wish to follow the Vedic way of life. But if we live in a house built as per the plan of others with a different civilisation or a way of life, we find that the house plan interferes with the conduct of rituals. We start by saying that the house is not congenial to the performance of certain rituals and in course of time our resolves weaken and faith flickers. We change our way of life as it is found difficult to change the house.<\/p>\n

Siksha, Vyaakarana, Chandas, Nirukta, Jyotisha and Kalpa are the six Saastras and, together with the four Vedas, we have so far had a glimpse of ten out of the fourteen Vidyas or disciplines. Let us have a look at the remaining four.<\/p>\n

Harih Harah!!<\/p>\n

(\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926)<\/p>\n

\u0935\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0903\u00a0<\/strong>\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a – \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f ? 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(\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0917\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0940); (\u0969) \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940, \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 ? (\u096a) \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u090b\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 (\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940) \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f ? (\u096b) \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f ?<\/p>\n

\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u090b\u0937\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0923 \u092f\u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091b\u0939 \u090b\u0937\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0906\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c, \u0930\u094b\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u0935\u0948\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0938, \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0936\u093e\u0926, \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u090b\u0917\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0932\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0932 \u092f\u091c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0935\u0947\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u094c\u0924\u0941\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u093e\u091f\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0932\u0935\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u0948\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u091a\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0926\u093e\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u092e \u092f\u093e \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0939\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u090f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0907\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0940\u0938 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0935\u093f\u0930 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e, \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0964 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0935\u093f\u0930 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u091a\u094c\u0926\u0939 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0924 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u091a\u094c\u0926\u0939 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 (\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964)<\/p>\n

\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0939\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0918\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0964 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0918\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0918\u0930\u0947\u0932\u0942 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0920 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u091a\u094c\u0926\u0939 \u0939\u0935\u093f\u0930-\u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930, \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u091b\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0940\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u0941\u0902\u0938\u0935\u0928, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u0902\u0924, \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e (\u091c\u0928\u094d\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930), \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u0928, \u091a\u094c\u0932\u093e, \u0909\u092a\u0928\u092f\u0928, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939, \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0906\u0920 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902: (\u0967) \u0926\u092f\u093e, (\u0968) \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e, (\u0969) \u0905\u0928\u0938\u0942\u092f\u093e, (\u0905\u0938\u0942\u092f\u093e, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0908\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935), (\u096a) \u0936\u094c\u091a, (\u096b) \u0939\u0920 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935, (\u096c) \u092e\u0927\u0941\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092d\u093e\u0935, (\u096d) \u0932\u094b\u092d \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 (\u096e) \u0907\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 ‘\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e’ \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0928 (\u092c\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u092e) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e \u0918\u094b\u0937\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u093e\u092e \u0935\u0947\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0917\u094b\u092c\u093f\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0947\u0926\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0906\u091c \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u091c\u094b \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092f\u0941\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092c \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0932\u094b\u0917 ‘\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0938\u0902\u0924-\u0938\u094b\u092e\u092f\u093e\u091c\u0940’ \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924 \u0935\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0939\u0930 \u092c\u0938\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092f \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u0930 \u092c\u0938\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0905\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092c \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0906\u091c, \u0927\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0903\u0916 \u0932\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0930\u0924\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0964 \u0905\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0948\u0935 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0964 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0927\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 ‘\u091a\u092f\u0928’ \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0928, \u092c\u094b\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0947\u0936 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u093f – \u0935\u0947\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0964 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0936\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0918\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0918\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947-\u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0906\u091c\u0915\u0932, \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0917\u0943\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0908\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0935\u0939 \u0908\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0923\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0964 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0916\u0947\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e (\u0939\u0935\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u092e \u092f\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936), \u091c\u094b \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0906\u091c\u0915\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0927\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

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\u0905\u0925\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0935\u0947\u0926 \u0905\u092c \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

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\u092c\u0947\u0902\u091a, \u091f\u0947\u092c\u0932 \u0906\u0926\u093f, \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0936\u093e\u0932\u093e, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0906\u0909\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 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\u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u091b\u0928\u094d\u0926, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u093f\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a, \u092f\u0947 \u091b\u0939 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u0939\u092e \u091a\u094c\u0926\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0964 \u0906\u0907\u090f, \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0903 \u0939\u0930\u0903!!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0935\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0903 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a – \u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u0947\u0926\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u0915 \u091b\u0920\u092e\u094d \u0905\u0902\u0917 ‘\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a’ \u0905\u091b\u093f, \u091c\u0947\u0915\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0915\u0930 \u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e (\u0939\u093e\u0925) \u0915\u0939\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u091b \u0964 ‘\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a’ \u0935\u0948\u0926\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u091b \u0964 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u091b\u0928\u094d\u0926, \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0906 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u093f\u0937 \u0938\u093f\u0916\u0932\u093e\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 ? \u092b\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u091b\u0941 \u0928 \u0915\u093f\u091b\u0941 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u0964 \u0939\u092e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092e\u094b\u0928 … \u0935\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0903 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a – \u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0925<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":23886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,24,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article","category-literature","category-philosophy"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0935\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0903 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a - \u0935\u0947\u0926\u0915 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