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\u0967. \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0932\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u093f\u0915\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0968. \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0915\u093e\u091c\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092c\u0928\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0915-\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f\u0964<\/p>\n

\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0941\u0907 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0901 \u0916\u094c\u0902\u091d\u093e\u092f\u0932 \u0906 \u0915\u0941\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0901 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0902\u0939 \u092e\u0947 \u0920\u0947\u0932\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u092e\u0928\u0938\u093e\u092f \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0905\u0939\u0941 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0901 \u091a\u093f\u0922\u093c \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0928\u094d\u0939\u093f \u091c\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092e\u0947 ‘\u092e\u0940\u0920 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e’ (\u0932\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e) \u0938\u0947\u0939\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u091b\u0964 \u0906\u0909, \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u091c\u0930\u093f \u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0915 \u0936\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0939\u0947\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092a\u0930\u0903<\/p>\n

Maithili<\/p>\n

– A Maithil’s Tongue
\n– By Balkeshwar Thakur<\/p>\n

The Maithili language is one of the vernaculars native to the Mithila land, divided between Nepal and the Indian state of Bihar. The Nepali census maintains that this language commands the second largest population in Nepal. The Maithili speakers in Madhesh and Koshi provinces, therefore, have time and again put pressure on the provincial as well as the federal governments to declare Maithili the official language in these provinces.<\/p>\n

Dhirendra Premarshi, an ardent Maithili language campaigner in Nepal, writes that India is home to 40 million speakers. The middle north of Bihar where the concentration of Maithili speakers is high, has also witnessed sporadic strikes and agitations for proclaiming Maithili the official language and carving out a Mithila state.<\/p>\n

But the protests have ended in fiascoes, both in Nepal and Bihar, since the language has counted controversy regarding its actual speakers, population and date of origin.<\/p>\n

Truly speaking, Maithili is a singular possession of Maithil Brahmins and Kayastha who are regarded the high in the social hierarchy in Madhesh and Koshi provinces whereas Magahi and Bajjika speakers alongside them belong to other castes and classes of people. Put together in the past for their similarity with Maithili, Magahi and Bajjika speakers have now decided to part their company with it; the growing and rising education level of these peoples has conscientised them of their own linguistic identity.<\/p>\n

Maithili nouns, to take but a few examples, has ‘paain’, ‘mahish’, ‘maait’ and ‘gaaya’ for water, buffalo, clay and cow, which the Magahi and Bajjika speakers have replaced with ‘paani’, ‘bhainsi’, ‘maati’ and ‘gai’ respectively. Maithili verbs and other expressions too sound distinct from the other two.<\/p>\n

You need not be the Prof. Higgins (the protagonists in Pygmalion, a play by G. B. Shaw) to locate non-Maithili speakers in Madhesh and Koshi provinces from the Maithili ones. Anyone having any nous can find out that Dr. Ram Baran Yadav, the first president of Republic Nepal, and Bimalendra Nidhi, an ex-deputy prime minister, have different tongues; so have Matrika Prasad Yadav and Ram Chandra Jha, both ex-ministers. No long-stretching fallow land or mountain range of Ganga-like river divide them, yet the great Yadav duo’s tongue is different from that of the other two because the latter are Maithils.<\/p>\n

For political and other ulterior motives, non-Maithils pose themselves to be Maithil ones. The propaganda that all those who live in Mithila are Maithils is not true. Yadavas, Dhanuks, Telis, Kushwahas, Kurmis and many other castes, including dalits and mahadalits, are not Maithils indeed.<\/p>\n

An illusion has been created that Maithili is sweet, that speaking it is a treat, and that the smart and cultivated can only know and speak it. The high-brow Maithils, who have commanded respect and honour as leaders, teachers and preachers in the society, treat the others like pip-squeaks, and, ironically many of the latter, smarting under a sense of inferiority, feel but bound to champion the cause of Maithili itself.<\/p>\n

Naturally the number of Maithili speakers has soared, but it will surely plummet as the population of Magahi speakers has move up incredibly in the last 30 years.<\/p>\n

That Maithili is an ancient language is fallacious. This language is a concoction that evolved from its ancestor Magahi, an ancient language spoken even before Lord Buddha. Maithili language campaigners, nonetheless, are never tired of making mentions that the Mithila Kingdom extended as far as the Himalayas in the north, the Ganga in the south, the Koshi in the east and Gandak in the west. They take pride in adding that some Malla period stone pillars have been found raised with inscriptions in Maithili. But then, they have no answers to how the Newari, Nepali, Rai, Limbu, Tamang and other languages sprouted and supplanted theirs.<\/p>\n

First, what we should bear in mind is that Mithila has not been a land of one people. Second, it has only been sparsely dotted by Maithils. Third, it had to travail under foreign rulers for centuries. History has it that it fell among Magadh rulers in the 4th century. After a cessation of a couple of centuries, it again came under the empire of Magadh in the 7th and Paal Kings in the 8th.<\/p>\n

Muslims also ruled over Mithila for as many as 300 years. Even Pandav, father of the great Pandavas, had subdued it in his time though linguistically it was not significant at all. Despite these facts, dismissing other tongues out of hand as non-existent by the Maithils in a bid to promote Maithili is what has got in the hair of other language lovers who had knowingly or unknowingly taken Maithili itself as their mother tongue.<\/p>\n

Sir George Abraham Grierson (1851-1941), an Irish administrator and linguist in British India, is, factually speaking, first of all credited for going into the details and determining Maithili as a special tongue characteristic of high-class Brahmins in districts such as Madhuvani, Durbhanga and some parts of Bhagalpur in Bihar.<\/p>\n

Vidyapati (1352-1448), the progenitor of the language, could hardly influence his compatriots Kabir of the 15th, and Tulsidas and Rahim of the 16th centuries. This is highly suggestive that the language used by Vidyapati was not common to other castes and classes of people. Being the language of a couple of minority castes only, Maithili has ceased to assume a national character and the hullabaloo for naming Province Two as Mithila Pradesh miserably failed, as it also did in Bihar.<\/p>\n

Thakur is Associate Professor of English at R R Multiple Campus, Janakpurdham<\/p>\n

(Article published in The Himalayan Times of 5 January 2024 edition)<\/p>\n

\u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u091b\u093f\u0903<\/p>\n

\u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940<\/p>\n

– \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e
\n– \u092c\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0947\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930<\/p>\n

\u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947 \u0938\u0901 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091b\u093f, \u091c\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0906 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0908 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u0930 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0901 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u0927\u0947\u0936 \u0906 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093f \u090f\u0939\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0917-\u0938\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0939\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0930-\u092c\u0947\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u094c\u0928\u0947 \u091b\u0925\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0927\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0925\u093f \u091c\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0925\u093f \u0964 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u091c\u0924\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0918\u0928\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0947\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u091b\u093f, \u0913\u0924\u092f \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u092f \u0906 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092c\u092f \u0924\u093e\u0939\u093f \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u091b\u093f\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u0939\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0906 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0939\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092d \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0906 \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u0942 \u0920\u093e\u092e, \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940, \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0924\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092f\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f \u0924 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u0906 \u0915\u093e\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0915\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0905\u091b\u093f \u091c\u0947 \u092e\u0927\u0947\u0936 \u0906 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0925\u093f, \u091c\u0916\u0928 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0917 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0917\u0939\u0940 \u0906 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0906 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u091b\u0925\u093f \u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u092e\u0947 \u090f\u0939\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0920\u093e\u092e \u0930\u093e\u0916\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u091b\u0932, \u092e\u0917\u0939\u0940 \u0906 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0906\u092c \u090f\u0939\u093f \u0938\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093f \u0905\u091b\u093f; \u0939\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094b\u091a \u0906 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0948\u0924 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0939\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0932\u0915 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e \u092e\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u091b\u0941 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f \u0924\u093d (\u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0915) \u0935\u093e\u091f\u0930, \u092c\u0941\u092b\u0948\u0932\u094b, \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u0906 \u0915\u093e\u0909 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u2018\u092a\u093e\u0928\u093f\u2019, \u2018\u092e\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0938\u2019, \u2018\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091f\u2019 \u0906 \u2018\u0917\u093e\u092f\u2019 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u092e\u0917\u0939\u0940 \u0906 \u092c\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 \u2018\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940\u2019, \u2018\u092d\u0948\u0902\u0938\u0940\u2019 ‘\u092e\u093e\u091f\u0940’ \u0906 ‘\u0917\u093e\u0907’ \u0915\u0939\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0925\u093f \u0964 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0906 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947\u0939\u094b \u0906\u0928 \u0926\u0942 \u0938\u0901 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0927\u094d\u0935\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

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\u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0901 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0925\u093f \u0964 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092c \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u091b\u0925\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0939\u093f \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u092f\u093e\u0926\u0935, \u0927\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0915, \u0924\u0947\u0932\u0940, \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093e, \u0915\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0906 \u0926\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0906 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0926\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0924\u0947\u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u093f \u091b\u0925\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u090f\u0915\u091f\u093e \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092d\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u091c\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0927\u0941\u0930 \u0905\u091b\u093f, \u090f\u0915\u0930\u093e \u092c\u091c\u092c \u092c\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0905\u091b\u093f, \u0906 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0906 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0938\u0915\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0906 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093f \u0938\u0915\u0948\u0924 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0913\u0939\u0926\u093e \u0935\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932, \u091c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u092e\u0947 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e, \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0906 \u0909\u092a\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u0930 \u0906 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u0932\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0925\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u091c\u0947\u0915\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0925\u093f, \u0906 \u0935\u093f\u0921\u0902\u092c\u0928\u093e \u0908 \u091c\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924\u094b \u0917\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915 \u091f\u0940\u0938 \u0930\u0916\u0948\u0924, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u091a\u0948\u0902\u092a\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u092c\u093e\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0932 \u092e\u0939\u0938\u0942\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0925\u093f\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947 \u0909\u091b\u093e\u0932 \u0906\u092c\u093f \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u091b\u0948\u0915, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u093e \u0969\u0966 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947 \u092e\u0917\u0939\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u0940\u0915 \u0906\u092c\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0901 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0948\u0924 \u0917\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0901 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u0948\u0915 \u0964<\/p>\n

\u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0908 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c \u092e\u0917\u0939\u0940, \u091c\u0947 \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0939\u0941 \u0938\u0901 \u092a\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0901 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0935\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0925\u093f\u0915, \u0924\u093e\u0939\u093f \u0938\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915\u091f\u093e \u0917\u0922\u093c\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940, \u0924\u0907\u092f\u094b, \u0908 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u0915\u0939\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0925\u093e\u0915\u0932 \u0928\u0939\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0948\u0924 \u091b\u0925\u093f \u091c\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f, \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092e\u0947 \u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u0940 \u0906 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0947 \u0917\u0902\u0921\u0915 \u0927\u0930\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u0932 \u0964 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0908 \u0915\u0939\u0948\u0924 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0928\u093f \u091c\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u091b\u0941 \u092e\u0932\u094d\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0925\u0930\u0915 \u0916\u0902\u092d\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947 \u0936\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917 \u0909\u092d\u0921\u093c\u0932 \u092d\u0947\u091f\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e \u0924\u0916\u0928, \u0928\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0930\u093e\u092f, \u0932\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0942, \u0924\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0906 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0915\u0941\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u0947\u0932 \u0906 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092c\u093f \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0924\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0928\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u0939\u093f \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

\u092a\u0939\u093f\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u091c\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0916\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0940 \u091c\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0925\u093f\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u0928\u0948 \u0930\u0939\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0926\u094b\u0938\u0930, \u090f\u0915\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u0964 \u0924\u0947\u0938\u0930, \u0938\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0927\u0930\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u092f \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0932 \u0964 \u0907\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0932 \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0905\u091b\u093f \u091c\u0947 \u0908 \u096a\u092e \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947 \u092e\u0917\u0927 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0932 \u091b\u0932 \u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0942 \u0936\u0924\u093e\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092d\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092b\u0947\u0930 \u0938\u0901 \u096d\u092e \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947 \u092e\u0917\u0927 \u0906 8\u092e \u092e\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u0902\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947 \u0906\u092c\u093f \u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0964<\/p>\n

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\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0936 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u093e\u0938\u0915 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0926 \u0938\u0930 \u091c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091c \u0905\u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u092e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0928 (\u0967\u096e\u096b\u0967-\u0967\u096f\u096a\u0967) \u0915\u0947\u0901, \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0901 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f \u0924 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0901 \u092a\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0907\u0924 \u091b\u0928\u094d\u0939\u093f \u091c\u0947 \u0913 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947 \u0917\u0947\u0932\u093e\u0939 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u090f\u0939\u093f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0901 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092e\u0923 \u091c\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092c\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092e\u0927\u0941\u092c\u0928\u0940, \u0926\u0930\u092d\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0906 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0932\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u091b\u0941 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u0928\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n

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(\u0920\u093e\u0915\u0941\u0930 \u0930\u093e. \u0930\u093e. \u092c. \u0915\u0948\u0902\u092a\u0938, \u091c\u0928\u0915\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0927\u093e\u092e \u092e\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091c\u0940\u0915 \u090f\u0938\u094b\u0938\u093f\u090f\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u091b\u0925\u093f\u0964)<\/p>\n

(\u096b \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0968\u0966\u0968\u096a \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0926 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0932\u092f\u0928 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u0916)<\/p>\n

**<\/p>\n

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(\u090f\u0939\u093f \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u0947\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u092f\u0935\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0924\u093f\u092a\u092f \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0906 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f \u0938\u0901 \u0915\u0924\u093f\u092a\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u0916\u092c\u0964 \u0927\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0964)<\/p>\n

\u0939\u0930\u093f\u0903 \u0939\u0930\u0903!!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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